Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

RESULTS – Peptides based on sequences from amino acids 1753 to 1851 of TcdB2 inhibit cytotoxicity:

…In contrast to the inhibition of TcdB1 and TcdB2, PepB2 did not block cytotoxicity of C. difficile TcdA or Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin.

Toxins and peptides:

Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen were purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #178 – Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…lethal factor and protective antigen were obtained from List Biological Laboratories, and…

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence)

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

– … THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (50 ng/ml; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) overnight then treated with LT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) containing 100 ng/ml lethal factor and 200 ng/ml protective …

Lethal Toxin consists of Lethal Factor & Protective Antigen:

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence). 

• Product #171 (Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis)

Mice and immunization:

…Mice were injected in both calf muscles with a volume of 50L each containing 20g/mL rPA (List Biological, Campbell, CA) alone or with …and adjuvant were mixed by end-over-end rotation in 1.5mL microcentrifuge tubes for 1h prior to injection. …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…were incubated with two-fold serially diluted pig serum or colostrum samples (diluted from 1:200 to 1:25,600) to detect anti-STa IgG or IgA antibodies; wells of Immulon 2HB microtiter plates (Thermo Scientific, Rochester, NY) coated with LT [List Biological Laboratories …

Lethal Toxin consists of Lethal Factor & Protective Antigen:

Author did not indicate which specific Lethal Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides:

• Product #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF),Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

List Labs provides the following Protective Antigen:

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…in 96-well flat-bottomed tissue culture plates at 2.5×10 4 cells/well in 50 L media and incubated for 16-19 h at 37 C with 5% CO 2 . pp-dPA83 formulations were titrated on the plated cells in the presence of a constant concentration of LF (List Biological Laboratories …

Author did not specify which Lethal Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides the following Lethal Factor:

• Product #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

Test samples were diluted and titrated on the plated cells in the presence or absence of LeTx (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA).

Lethal Toxin consistst of Lethal Factor and Protective Antigen:

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Serum samples from each mouse were then added to the monolayer of macrophages in increasing concentrations and serum and cells were co-cultured with PA (0.5 g/mL) and lethal factor (LF, 0.5 g/mL, List Biological Laboratories, Inc, Campbell, CA).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA):

Samples were grown overnight in LB-L media, then subcultured 1:100 in LB-L media and grown for 8 h at 37 C and 225 rpm. The cultures were pelleted by one centrifugation step of 2272g for 10 min and the supernatant was passed through a 0.45 m filter. The wells of a 96-well microtiter plate (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., part# sc-204463) was coated with 100 L of a solution of 4 g mL¹ protective antigen (PA) of the anthrax toxin (List Biological Laboratories, part# 171E) in 5 mM HEPES, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 covered at 4 C overnight. Liquid was removed by inversion and wells were incubated with a 200 L blocking solution (200 L 2% milk, 0.05% TBST) at room temperature for 1 h. …

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis