Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

…Western blot analysis was performed as in [24] with the following modifications. Primary antibodies were diluted in blocking buffer at 1:1000 (Goat anti-PA polyclonal, List Biological Laboratories) or…

Reagents:

Anthrax Lethal Factor and Protective Antigen were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Reagents and antibodies:

…CT was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… Stimulation of the NALP1, NLRC4, or AIM2 inflammasome was achieved by treatment for 6 h with 1 g/ml protective antigen (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) and 1 g/ml anthrax lethal factor (List Biological Laboratories), …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Chemicals and Reagents:

All toxins were purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

FRET MAPKKide LF activity:

For drug testing in 96-well plates, the reaction volume was 250l per well, containing 20mM HEPES pH 7.2, 5M MAPKKide conjugated with DABYL and FITC (List Biological Laboratories, Inc), and …

Toxins Treatments:

Cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 10,000 cells/well 1 d before toxin treatment. Various concentrations of LF or FP59 combined with a fixed concentration of PA (500ng/mL) were added to the wells, and cells were incubated for 6h at 37C. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. In other toxin treatment experiments, cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of drugs, and then treated with constant concentrations of 8.3g/ml of C. difficile toxin B, 500ng/ml of P. aeruginosa Exotoxin A, or 500ng/ml of Cholera toxin for 6hours. RAW264.7 survival was measured by MTT assay. …

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Author did not specify which Lethal Factor (LF) was utilized; List Labs provides the following LF:

• Prodcut #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Recombinant proteins and reagents:

Protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF) were purchased from List Biological. …

Cell seeding and incubation with toxins:  

For toxin treatment, patterned and nonpatterned peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs were incubated with PA at 1 g/ml and EF at 100 ng/ml for 6 or 16 h at 37C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. For some experiments, cells were incubated with PA alone at 1 g/ml.

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A(Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

… Recombinant protective antigen of anthrax (PA) and recombinant lethal factor (LF) were purchased from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Immunization screening:

The threshold dose of PA for rabbits was chosen by injecting rabbits intramuscularly (i.m.) on days 0 and 14 with either 10 g, 1 g, 0.1 g, 0.01 g, or 0 g of PA (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, Calif.) diluted in PBS in a volume of 0.5 ml, each adsorbed to 1 mg of aluminum per ml … The primary and secondary antibody response profiles were examined by injecting rabbits i.m. with 50 g of PA/Alhydrogel on days 0 and 21 and collecting blood periodically to test serum for the presence of antibodies to PA and TNA titers in the serum.

2.3. Protection against aerosol exposure

Rabbits were injected i.m. with 0.1 g of PA/Alhydrogel and boosted with 0.1 g of PA/Alhydrogel 4 days (day 86), 8 days (day 82), or 12 days (day 78) before aerosol exposure on day 90 following the primary immunization. …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

PA and LF were obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. ,C ampbell, USA. The cells were incubated at 37 8 Ca nd 5% CO 2 for 3h. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…Recombinant protective antigen (PA) of anthrax and recombinant lethal factor (LF) were purchased from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis