Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

2.4. Axon Tracer Injection

An additional group of rats with hemisection SCI (n=8) underwent the same peripheral DCN injections of axon tracers as our previous studies in uninjured normal animals [20]. Three days before the 6-week time point following injury, rats were anesthetized with Ketamine (75 mg/kg)/Dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg/kg). The back skin was shaved, sterilized, and incised at the median line. T7 and T13 DCNs at both sides of animals were identified by counting from the first thoracic DCN branch. DCNs were separated from connective tissues along the lateral dorsal body wall proximally to the latissimus dorsi muscle. Isolectin B4 (IB4, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) was injected into T7 and T13 DCNs at one side of the animal, and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected on the other side (Figure 1(a)). Animals with right hemisection injury were divided into two subgroups to inject one label ipsilateral to the injury side (right) and the other to the contralateral side (left). This allowed to determine differences in DCN A and C fiber projections between injured and uninjured sides. A 30-guage needle was inserted 2-3 mm distal to the proximal entry for DCNs at the latissimus dorsi muscle. One microliter of 2% IB4 or CTB dissolved in PBS was injected with a micro syringe (75RN, Hamilton, Reno, NV) driven by a motorized pump (Model #310, Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL) at 1 μl/min. The skin incision was stapled, and the animals were recovered from anesthesia with a subcutaneous injection of reversal agent (2 mg/kg, Antisedan).

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

PBMC cultures

The A2Ar agonist, CGS21680 (CGS) (Tocris, Bristol, U.K.) in DMSO (27.7 mg/mL) was diluted in PBS to a final concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. For monocyte assays, α-MSH (Bachem, Vista, CA) at 1 ng/mL and/or CGS (1 μM/well) were added into separate wells. T cells were antigen stimulated with Tetanus Toxoid (TT) (List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA) at 1 μg/mL was added to cultures. PBMC cultures were maintained in humidified incubator at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 48 hrs in SFM. At the end of the incubation time, PBMCs were collected by centrifugation (300 g for 5 mins). PBMCs were analyzed with flow cytometry and supernatants were saved for cytokine assays.

• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in mice

As described previously (Crocker et al., 2006), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in 8-week-old male mice, by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 200 μg of MOG35-55 peptide (AnaSpec Inc., AS-60130-10, Fremont, CA, USA) emulsified in complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA, Sigma, F5881, Saint Louise, MO, USA) containing 0.2 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco Laboratories, #231141 Detroit, MI, USA) into the flanks of both hind-limbs. Control animals received s.c. injections lacking MOG35-55 peptide. At the time of immunization and 48h later, mice further received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections with 500 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biologicals, #180, Deisenhofen, Germany). …

• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

EAE induction

Mice were immunized subcutaneously with 100 μg recombination MOG (rMOG, GQFRVIGPGYPIRALVGDEAELPCRISPGKNATGMEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGKDQDAEQAPEYRGRTELLKETISEGKVTLRIQNVRFSDEGGYTCFFRDHS YQEEAAMELKVED) peptide or 200 μg MOG35–55 (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) peptide emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) on 0 day and then were injected intravenously with 300 ng pertussis toxin (PT, LIST BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, INC.) both immediately after immunization and 2 days later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Transient depletion of DCs (CD11chigh MHC 25 Class II+ cells) in experimental mice was achieved with administration of Diphtheria toxin (D.tox; 26 8ng/g body weight, List Biological Laboratories Inc. CA). …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction and behavioral evaluation of neurologic deficits

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by subcutaneously injecting a solution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35‐55 peptide (200 mg; GenScript, Nanjing, China) emulsified in incomplete Freund adjuvant (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 500 mg of inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Thermo Fisher Scientific) into the hind flank of C57BL/6J and TG mice. Two days after immunization, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Male Col11 GFP mice (2-4 months old) received an injection of pertussis toxin (ip, 500 ng/mouse on days 0 and 2; List Biological Laboratories, Cat.# 181) and an injection of MOG 35-55 peptide…

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

… Pertussis toxin from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

STAR★Methods
Key Resources Table

Pertussis toxin List Biological Laboratories Inc

EAE Induction
EAE was induced by injecting 6- to 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice with 150 μg MOG35-55 peptide (Genemed Synthesis) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (BD Difco) per mouse subcutaneously in the flanks, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 150 ng pertussis toxin (List biological laboratories, Inc.) per mouse on days 0 and 2 as described (Mayo et al., 2014). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of concanavalin A-induced hepatitisand experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

For induction of experimental autoimmuneencephalomyelitis (EAE), C57BL/6 or SJL/J mice wereinjected subcutaneously with 100 µg of myelin oligodendro-cyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55 peptide (MEVG-WYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) or Myelin proteolipidprotein (PLP) 139–151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF) emulsifiedwith complete Freund’s adjuvant on day 0 and intravenous
intravenousinjection of 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List BiologicalLaboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 0 and 2.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)