Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Preparation of protein conjugates of AnAFB₁

The immunogen AnAFB₁, prepared converting AFB₁ (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to AFB₁-1(O-carboxymethyl) oxime using the method of Chu et al. [17], as previously described [15], was conjugated to KLH (Sigma-Aldrich) or CRM₁₉₇ (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) to be used as immunogen. …

• Product #149A – Diphtheria Toxin CRM₁₉₇, Mutant

Immunization and induction of EAE:

The mice were also injected intraperitoneally with 200 µg pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) on days 0, 1 and 2. All mice were monitored daily for EAE symptoms and scored…

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE Induction:

On days 0 and 2 challenged mice received 250 ng of Bordetella pertussis toxin IP (List Biological, Campbell, CA).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of EAE and immunizations:

For active EAE induction, mice were immunized subcutaneously with 100µg MOG(3555)…Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) was injected intraperitoneally (300ng) on days 0 and 2. Mice were observed for signs of EAE…

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents and Instruments:

…LPS from E. coli O111:B4 was obtained from LIST Biological Laboratories. …

LPS stimulation, Cytokine Production, and NF-B Activation:

Concentrations of secreted IL-8 in the supernatants after LPS stimulation were measured by ELISA. Briefly, 310⁵ cells of each cell line were seeded in 24 well plates in complete media containing 100 g/ml Zeocin. After 1620 hours incubation, cells were stimulated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2 and 20 ng/L LPS for 24 hours. Concentrations of human IL-8 were measured by Human CXCL8/IL-8 DuoSet ELISA kit. Each experiment was repeated three times.

Intracellular concentrations of human IL-8, phosphorylated and total NF-B p65 after LPS stimulation were also determined by intracellular flow cytometry analysis. Briefly, 1620 hours before stimulation, 1.010⁶ cells of each cell line were seeded in 6-well plates in complete media containing 100 g/ml Zeocin. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Macrophage isolation, culture and transfection:

Cells were transfected with poly(dA:dT) (2 ng/mL; Sigma), MDP (20 ug/mL; Invivogen), Salmonella thyphimurium flagellin (140 ng/mL; Invivogen) and Bacillus anthracis Lethal toxin and protective antigen (1 ug/mL; List Biological Laboratories).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Cell lines, bacterial strains, toxin, and antibodies:

…Purified C. difficile toxin B was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

RTCA version 2 assay:

…After the CI reached a plateau, the CI for each sample well was normalized to one at the last measurement time point prior to toxin treatment and inoculated with eluted samples or purified CDT to be tested. The nCI was then automatically monitored at 5-min intervals for 36 h… Each run included one positive control with 100 ng/ml purified CDT in duplicate and one negative control in quadruplicate.

The time point at which the nCI dropped by 30% was considered a positive step time (PST). PST was used to calculate the toxin concentrations in samples by comparing standard curves which were developed by monitoring the nCI at serial 3-fold dilutions of purified CDT ranging from 0.01 to 787.32 ng/ml and plotting the PST versus the purified CDT concentration. The limit of detection of the RTCA version 2 assay was determined by testing 11 3-fold serial dilutions of purified CDT (concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 787.32 ng/ml). All testing was done in triplicate.

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Intravitreal Injections and Factors:

Balb/c mice were anesthetized as described, and the vitreous of the right eye (treated) was injected with Rho GTPases activator or inactivators and/or growth factors (GFs), …Other factors injected included the general inhibitor for Rho GTPase, Toxin A, from C. difficile (10 ng/eye, No. 152C; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA), …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

Iso- lated epithelial cells were suspended in a keratinocyte culture medium (KCM) composed of a basal mixture of 3 parts Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (DMEM) and …1 nM cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae