Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Motoneuron labeling:

To relate the topography of RST terminations to motor pools, we retrogradely labeled motoneurons in two adult cats by injecting cholera-toxin B (CTB; List Biological Laboratories; unconjugated, low-salt; reconstituted with sterile purified water to a concentration 1% in 0.01 m sodium phosphate buffer) in two key muscles surgically exposed: extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and biceps brachii. A volume of 25 l was slowly injected into multiple intramuscular locations using a Hamilton syringe. The needle was held within the muscle for several minutes after each injection to avoid leakage. We used a survival time of 7 d to allow retrograde transport of CTB from the muscle to the motoneuron soma.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Vaccine formulation:

Five different vaccine formulations were made: three subcutaneous vaccines (Vaccines 13) and two intravaginal vaccines (Vaccine 45). …The adjuvant for the intravaginal vaccines was 20 µg/dose of Cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., CA).

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… BoNTA heavy chain was purchased from List Biologicals Labs, (Campbell, CA). …

• Product #612A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Heavy Chain, Recombinant, Binding Domain

EAE:

…In brief, 8 to 11 weeks old C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 100 µg MOG 3555 emulsified in CFA supplemented with intraperitoneal injections of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Cell culture and treatment:

Experiments were performed with a human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line NCI-H292 (ATCC), which was maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C and 5% CO2. … Additional studies were performed with primary mouse tracheal epithelial (MTE) cells, which were isolated from the tracheas of C57BL/6 J mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) using overnight incubation with 0.1% protease 14 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and cultured on rat tail collagen I gel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) in DMEM/F12 media (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 20 ng/mL cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Topical Skin Immunization:

…After evaporation of the acetone, 25 l of an aqueous mixture containing 1 mg/ml cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant (List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA) was applied to each ear and uniformly spread with a small paint brush. Control mice received only the CT adjuvant, while experimental mice also received 50 l of an aqueous mixture containing 100 mg/ml ovalbumin (OVA) Ag (Sigma-Aldrich product #A5503) on each ear.

Treatment of Lang-DTR mice with Diphtheria Toxin:

For some cocultures (as indicated), WT or Lang-DTR mice were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT) (List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 µg DT in 100 µl PBS. Mice were treated one day preceding immunization and one day after…

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae
• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Induction of EAE:

EAE was induced with an immunization protocol utilizing MOG 33-55 (AnaSpec Inc., Fremont, CA, USA), which leads to T cell infiltration in the central nervous system, in combination with pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA), …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE induction:

… Mice were also injected intraperitoneally with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Laboratories, Campbell CA, USA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on D0 and D2 following MOG immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Antibodies, cytokines and inhibitors:

…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was from List Biological Laboratories, was used at 100 ng/ml.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Anterograde tracing of corneal afferent fibers:

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTb; 1% solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) was used as an anterograde tracer to identify central projections of corneal afferent fibers to the trigeminal dorsal horn (Hegarty et al. 2010;Todd et al. 2003;Aicher et al. 2013). Following FG injections, several drops of ophthalmic proparacaine hydrochloride, 5% solution (Bausch and Lomb, Tampa, FL) were placed in the left eye to reduce spontaneous eye movements and a 1% CTb solution (8 12 l) was placed on the corneal surface inside a steel ring for 30 min as previously described (Hegarty et al. 2010). Rats received a subcutaneous injection of ketoprofen (2.5 mg/kg) to reduce discomfort and were monitored during recovery from anesthesia.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt