Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Immunization with YopE and ovalbumin peptides:

Unless otherwise indicated, mice were lightly anesthetized with isoflurane and immunized intranasally on days 0, 7 and 21 with 15 µl saline solution containing 1 µg cholera toxin (CT; List Biological Laboratory, Campbell, CA) as adjuvant …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Diphtheria toxin administration:

Diphtheria toxin (List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. Stock solutions were thawed once and mice were injected i.p. with 50 or 10gkg¹ of diphtheria toxin similar as previously described.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Toxin inactivation and formulation:

TcdA and TcdB (purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463, List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) and selected recombinant fragments (B-ED and B-TC) were reconstituted in 20 mM HEPES-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 0.30.4 mg/mL. …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Cholera toxin subunit b immunostaining:

Coronal sections (50 m) of gelatin-embedded cerebella and brainstems were cut on a Peltier freezing microtome and collected in 0.01 m PB. CTb immunostaining was carried out using a standard immunostaining protocol. Free-floating sections were processed for anti-CTb immunostaining using a primary polyclonal goat anti-CTb antibody (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA; 1:15,000) and a …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents:

… Ultra pure TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

…pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA), …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Microglial Cell Culture:

... Following incubation for 24h, cells were stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL in PBS, List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) with or without the 7R agonist AR-R 17779 (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) with the indicated doses. ...

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… Diphterie toxin (DTX) List Biologicals, USA …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Cannabinoid and Inflammatory Agonist Treatments:

ECs were grown to confluence before agonist treatment. Unless otherwise noted, in all experiments cells were preincubated with the cannabinoids or the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, at the indicated concentrations for 1 h prior to and continuously during the inflammatory agonist treatment. In Fig. 6B, samples were incubated continuously with polymyxin B (Invivogen, San Diego) at 50 g/ml to minimize effects from contaminating LPS. …The inflammatory agonists used include …LPS (List Laboratories, Los Gatos, CA), and…

Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS):

… Inflammatory agonists (FSL, LPS, and TNF) and either NADA (2 or 10 m) or WIN55,212-2 (1 or 2 m) were then added to the wells. Resistance was measured repeatedly in each well for 8 h. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

CT ELISA and -Galactosidase Assays:

CT production was measured using V. cholerae culture supernatants by an GM₁-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM₁-ELISA) as described previously (4). Purified CT subunit B (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) was used to provide a standard curve, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as a negative control.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt