Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… The animals were maintained for 6 weeks after surgery. Three days before they were sacrificed, the ipsilateral sciatic nerve was exposed at mid-thigh level and 5 µl 1% cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was slowly injected. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Immunization:

All immunization procedures were conducted in the rear footpad with 20 l injection volume per footpad. In experiments involving DT injection, 0.5 g DT (List Biological Laboratories) was injected intraperitoneally. For in vivo antigen-uptake experiments, WT B6 mice were injected in both hind legs with 2 g Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated OVA together with 50 g papain (Sigma) or CpG2216 (Invivogen).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Materials and Methods

Clostridium difficile Toxins. Purified TcdA (one lotlot 1-15215A1C) and TcdB (two lotslot 1-1551A1B and lot 2-15518A1B) used in this study were purchased from List Biologicals Laboratories Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Cell culture procedures:

… Naturally immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) were grown together with NIH 3T3 feeder cells in FAD medium, containing Ham’s F-12 medium…and 20 mg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories).

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Antibodies:

…LPS (LIST Biological Labs, Campbell, California). …

In vitro cytokine analysis:

Microglia were cultured at 110⁶ cell/ml overnight followed by 18 hrs of LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation. Supernatants were centrifuged to remove cellular debris and stored at 70C until analyzed by ELISA. For intracellular cytokine analysis cells were treated with 1 l Golgi-plug containing Brefeldin A (BD Biosciences) and LPS (100 ng/ml) for 6 hrs at which point supernatants were collected and the remaining cells lysed for intracellular cytokine analysis. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Leukocyte isolation and cell culture:

… Lipopolysaccharide (List Biological Libraries Inc, Campbell, CA) is used at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml. …

Author has specified that the following List Labs LPS was utilized in this research:

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Retrograde and Transganglionic Labeling using Cholera Toxin b Subunit:

Cholera toxin b subunit (CTb) was used to retrogradely label the motor pools of selected forelimb muscles and to anterogradely (i.e., transganglionically) label muscle afferents as a means to help localize CST terminations. CTb preferentially labels myelinated afferents [18], [19]. Studies have shown a correspondence between CTb-labeled proprioceptive afferents and intra-axonally labeled group 1 afferents [20] and group 1 field potentials [21]. We performed multiple injections of CTb (11000, List Laboratories) unilaterally into the deltoid, elbow flexor, and the wrist extensor compartments (42.5 µL; 33 ga. Hamilton syringe). Our intent was to label selectively muscles that act at the same joint. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Assay for LPS-Stimulated Human Whole Blood:

Whole blood from seventy healthy volunteers was collected into EDTAVacutainertubes.Assayswereperformedafterdiluting the blood samples 9:1 in RPMI-1640 media supplemented with glutamine and antibiotics. Aliquots of 2mL of diluted blood per well were equally divided into LPS stimulated (100ng/mL of E. coli LCD25; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #314 – LPS from Escherichia coli K12 strain LCD25

Materials:

…CT …were purchased from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). …

Assay for Holotoxin Disassembly:

CT was appended to a GM1-coated SPR sensor slide as previously described [18]. PDI (0.1 mM) was then perfused over the CT-coated sensor in PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20, 1 mM GSH, and either grape seed or grape pomace extract. …

CTA1 Translocation and Secretion Assays:

HeLa cells exposed to GM1 and CT were processed as described above for the toxin transport assay, except (i) media samples were collected before lifting the cells from the plates; (ii) the cell pellet was resuspended in 1 mL HCN/digitonin buffer; and (iii) the cytosolic fraction was collected and diluted to a final volume of 1 mL in HCN buffer. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Cell culture and treatment:

…cholera toxin (10 ng/ml; List Biologicals, Campbell, CA), …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae