Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Mice and EAE induction:

Wild-type (WT) and AID^/ mice bred on the C57BL/6 background (obtained from Charles River Laboratories and Tasuku Honjo, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, respectively) used for EAE induction with rhMOG. EAE was induced by immunization with 100 µg of rhMOG or 100 µg of MOG_35-55 peptide emulsified 11 in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (Sigma) containing 4 mg/ml of Mycobateria tuberculosis (H37RA) (Difco). The amount of rhMOG was pre-determined based on earlier reports [35], [45]. Mice also received two intra-peritoneal doses of pertussis toxin (200 ng) (List biological laboratories Inc.) the day of immunization and 48 h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Cells, antibodies and reagents:

…EF was obtained from List Biological Laboratories.

ET assay:

5 10⁴ J774A.1 cells in 100 L were plated in 96-well plates, and incubated overnight. Cells were preincubated with compound for 2 hours, before the addition of ET (11 nM PA, 1.2 nM EF) for 5 hours at 37 C. The concentration of cAMP in cell lysates was measured by cAMP enzyme immunoassay…

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A(Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

… Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) were purchased from List Biologicals (San Jose, CA, USA) and Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ, USA) respectively. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

EAE induction and treatment:

…In addition, pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was administered (200 ng/mouse) intraperitoneally on day 0 and day 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Tracing of myelinated afferent fiber projections to the dorsal horn:

The transganglionic tracer, cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) has been used to map the central projections of cutaneous myelinated primary afferents, in the spinal dorsal horn of rats [35]. After 5 weeks EA treatment, CTB (1%, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected into left sciatic nerve of vehicle-, RTX-, EA- and sham EA-treated rats to determine the effect of EA on RTX-induced sprouting of myelinated afferent fibers labeled by CTB in the dorsal horn. The sciatic nerve was exposed at the midthigh level after the rats were anesthetized with 10% chloralic hydras (3.5 ml/kg, i.p). 4 µL volumes of CTB tracers was loaded into Hamilton microsyringes and injected into the sciatic nerves on left side of the body.

…For goat anti-CTB immunofluorescence labeling, the sections were rinsed in 0.1 M PBS and blocked for 1 hr with 5% donkey serum and 0.2% tween-20 in PBS, followed by incubation at 37°C for 1 hr then at 4C overnight with the primary antibody (goat anti-CTB, dilution 1:800; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) diluted in PBS containing 5% donkey serum, 0.3% Triton X-100. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental Protocol:

All studies were performed in male C57Bl/6 mice, greater than 2 months in age (2530 gm) from Charles River Laboratories. Mice were injected i.p. with LPS (Escherichia coli 055, LPS no. B5, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10 or 20 mg/kg (volume diluted with saline in 0.5 ml). Mice were injected with 0.5 ml of saline as a control.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

Immunizations with YopE and OVA peptides:

…Mice were lightly anesthetized by isoflurane and immunized intranasally with a 15 µl saline solution containing 10 µg peptide and 1 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratory, Campbell, CA). Mice were …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Neuroanatomical Methods:

Our neuroanatomical studies used standard retrograde labeling techniques in 2 rats, 1 monkey, and 4 cats, using a standard lab protocol (Craig, 1993, 2008). …The microelectrode is then withdrawn, and one to six iontophoretic injections of CTb or of 10,000 MW dextran labeled with Alexa 546 or Alexa 594 dextran (10% in distilled water; Molecular Probes) are made by replacing the recording electrode with a back-filled micropipette (tip ca. 15 m) and passing 5-8 A pulsed positive current for 8-30 min. … Injections restricted to lamina I or laminae I-II have been made in many cases in cat and monkey in this laboratory without spread to the deep dorsal horn, as documented in prior publications (e.g., Craig, 1993, 1995; Craig et al., 1999). In 2 rats, a micropipette was inserted just below the left L2 pia mater and 100nL of the tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTb; 1%, List Biological, Campbell, CA) was pressure injected, as before [Ericson & Blomqvist 1988]. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Inhibition assays were performed for the recombinant light chain of BoNT/A, which is catalytically active, while binding assays used non-activated BoNT/A heavy and light chain complex. Confirmation of binding to whole BoNT/A was important because the catalytic site is expected to be partially occluded in the whole BoNT/A, which may affect efficacy of the inhibitor in vivo. …

…Toxin was obtained from List Biological Laboratories

Materials:

…and pertussis toxin was from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). …

Experimental anesthetic DILI:

Hepatitis was induced by injecting the mice subcutaneously with TFA-S100 (200 g) emulsified in an equal volume of CFA on days 0 and 7, as previously described [5]. In addition, 500 ng of pertussis toxin was injected intramuscularly in the hind flank on day 0. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)