Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… For regulatory T cell depletion, wild-type control or Foxp3-DTR mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 g of DT (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA, USA or List Biological Laboratory, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 0, 1, 4, and 7 and examined on day 8. CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria toxin treatment:

Diphtheria toxin (DT) was from List Biological Laboratories (Cat. No. 150), reconstituted at 1 mg/ml in PBS, and frozen at 80C. Mice received 10 ng/g DT via the i.p. route in 0.20.3 ml PBS [25].

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Allergic Sensitization and Anaphylaxis:

Mast cells (mice) were depleted by i.p. injection of diphtheria toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in saline over 3 days: 100 ng day 1, 500 ng day 2, and 500 ng day 3.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria toxin administration:

Diphtheria toxin (List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. Stock solutions were thawed once and mice were injected i.p. with 50 or 10gkg¹ of diphtheria toxin similar as previously described.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Diphterie toxin (DTX) List Biologicals, USA …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

In vivo cellular depletion:

For cDC depletion, 25 ng/g of diphtheria toxin (DT; List Biological Laboratories Inc.) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) into the chimeric CD11c-DTR mice. Mice were sacrificed 12 hours later and bone marrow, blood, liver, spleen and lung were harvested for further analysis. For pDC depletion, mice were injected IP with 500 g 120G8 every other day for 14 days. 120G8 and control antibody were purchased from Imgenex. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection and livers were harvested. For Foxp3+CD4+T cell depletion, DT was injected IP at a dose of 50ng/g for 2 consecutive days into Foxp3-DTR mice. Mice were sacrificed 48h after the last dose.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

DT/Diphtheria Toxin Mutant Administration:

CD11b-DTR mice were treated with DT, 15 ng/g body weight (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell CA), by intraperitoneal injection. Control CD11b-DTR mice received the same amount of mutated DT (DTm) (List Biological Laboratories), which does not bind to the DTR. For the current study, we determined the optimal dose schedule of DT administration that could be safely used to evaluate skeletal muscle regeneration allowing long-term survival of the mice. Mice were divided into groups and received one dose of DT from 15 to 35 ng/g body weight in 5 ng/g steps in dosages between groups. The higher DT dose group (range, 20 to 35 ng/g body weight) resulted in 75% mortality at days 7 to 12 after DT injection. By contrast, mice in the low-dose DT group (15 ng/g body weight) had a mortality rate of 17% and could therefore be used in experiments requiring a 21-day time point. To determine whether multiple doses could be used, a cohort of mice was given two to three doses of DT (10 to 15 ng/g body weight) at least 1 week apart. Most of these mice died at days 7 to 12. Therefore, we chose a single dose of 15 ng/g body weight DT to ablate CD11b⁺ cells. These conditions allowed for the survival of the animals through the course of the experiment (21 days) while temporarily ablating the monocyte/macrophage population within a specific time frame. Previous work and our results in the kinetics of DT ablation of monocyte/macrophage populations in multiple tissues including regenerating skeletal muscle and blood indicate that ablation occurs within 12 hours, lasts 24 hours, with recovery generally occurring 48 hours after DT administration.^{7 ;  15} Single injections of DT were administered at various times (0.5, 0, 1, 2, and 4 days) relative to the injection of CTX to transiently ablate monocyte/macrophages at different time points during skeletal muscle regeneration.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Product #149 – Diphtheria Toxin CRM₁₉₇, Mutant

Mouse models and treatments:

…DT (6.25 ng/g, IP, List Biological Laboratories) was injected at either P1 or P6 into Pou4f3^DTR/+ mice.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT), tamoxifen and DTX injections:

DTX injections were performed as previously described… 40 ng/g of DTX (List Laboratories) was delivered by i.p. injections to mice at P21. Two treatments, separated by 72 hr, were given. Animals (mice) were sacrificed 2 to 3 weeks after the first injection.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Cell depletion strategies:

… For depletion of CCR2⁺ cells, CCR2-DTR mice and control CCR2-DTR negative littermates received 250 ng of diphtheria toxin i.p. one day prior to infection and every other day thereafter in order to maintain depletion. Diphtheria Toxin was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA), and reconstituted at 1 mg/ml in PBS. Aliquots were stored in 80C. The specificity and efficiency of depletion in the lung was confirmed by flowcytometric analysis.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae