Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Reagents:

… Activated BoNT/E was diluted 1:4 with fetal calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, Missouri) and stored at 30C until use. TeNT from Clostridium tetani was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (1.5 10 7 U/mg; Campbell, California). …

Cell culture and intoxications:

In most instances, toxin was prepared at a 100final concentration in fresh medium and diluted into neuron cultures in a tissue culture glove box… Toxin concentrations used in the initial screen of 4 neuronal cultures were: …20 pM TeNT and …

• Product #190A – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Llama immunization and construction of VHH libraries:

C. difficile TcdA and TcdB (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) were inactivated prior to immunizations by alkylation of the catalytic domain with UDP-2,3-dialdehyde…

Selection and screening of VHH fragments binding to toxins:

Phages were recovered from the libraries by infection with the helper phage VCS-M13 and were precipitated with polyethylene glycol as previously described… Panning of phage libraries was carried out separately on immobilized native TcdB (List Biologicals). …

Flow cytometry:

Analysis of display and binding to TcdB of cell wall-anchored VHH fragments was performed by flow cytometry as described previously (33). Binding to TcdB was carried out with TcdB (List Biologicals) biotinylated with an EZ-Link sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin kit…

In vitro neutralization assay:

Neutralization of TcdB by antitoxin VHH antibodies was analyzed on the MA-104 cell line (34), which has previously been characterized for sensitivity to C. difficile TcdA and TcdB (35). TcdA and TcdB (List Biologicals) were titrated on the cell line before use to adjust for batch variation and were used at a level 2- to 4-fold higher than the killing dose unless otherwise stated. …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile 
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

NOVEL APPROACHES TO ULTRASENSITIVE TOXIN DETECTION:

… cell index (nCI) has dropped by 30% is considered a positive time step (PST) which in turn is used to calculate toxin concentrations in samples by comparison to a standard curve generated with buffer spiked with purified toxin B (List Biological Laboratories [Campbell, CA …

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

… Hamsters were intra-rectally vaccinated with either 10 g of cholera toxin (CT) (List biological laboratories, INC) as an adjuvant for the control group or a combination of 10 µg of CT and 100 µg of recombinant SlpA for the vaccinated group. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

DC cytokine analysis:

To examine intracellular cytokine expression, iDC were cultured in the presence or absence of the encapsulated strains R265 (R265mDC) and cap59R (cap59RmDC), the acapsular strain cap59D (cap59DmDC), or 1 mg/ml LPS-matured DC (LPSmDC) at a 1:10 ratio (DC/C. gattii) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA).

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (E. coli-derived, serotype O111:B4) from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA); …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Reagents, antibodies and cytokines:

…LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

EAE:

… Each mouse also received an intraperitoneal injection of 500 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 0 and 2 after immunization. 2.4. Evaluation of EAE score. The clinical EAE …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin was purchased from list biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents:

…and pertussis toxin was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis:

…Mice were also given 200 ng pertussis toxin to permeabilize the bloodbrain barrier. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)