Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

DT Depletion of CD11b⁺ Cells:

Newborn mice within 12 hours of birth were injected intraperitoneally with 500 ng DT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) diluted in sterile PBS (50 l total). Injected mice were returned to their cage and placed in hyperoxia or normoxia conditions.

• List Labs Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

In vivo treatments:

To deplete pDCs, BDCA2-DTR mice were injected i.p. with 20 ng/g of DT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on day 0 (or day 1 for oral immunization), then every other day with 10 ng/g. DT-treated WT littermates were used as controls. …CD4⁺ T-cell depletion was controlled in blood at day 0 before starting DT treatment and at sacrifice.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

DT treatment and blood sampling of mice:

GHCre/iDTR mice and Cre-negative control littermates (referred to as /iDTR) of the indicated ages were injected ip with DT (4-ng/g body weight, twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm; List Biological Laboratories) for either 3 (3-d DT treatment [3DT]) or 10 (10DT) consecutive days. Three to 6 mice were used per condition in the independent experiments. …

Blood samples (100 L) were taken retroorbitally at 9 am, first on the day before the start of DT treatment and then at 11 days (d11), 1.5, 12, and 15 months after DT initiation. …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Moreover, we applied the anterograde tracer, FITC-conjugated cholera toxin B (CTB-FITC; List Biological, Campbell, CA) to count the number of surviving RGCs at one week after retinal I/R injury (Fig. 2). …

• Product #106 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae FITC, Conjugate

…To detect GM1 ganglioside, cells were permeabilized, blocked with BSA-glycine, and then incubated with Cholera Toxin B protein (List Biologicals) that had been conjugated to Dylight 594 (CTXB- Dylight 594 ). Cells were subsequently counterstained with 600 nM DAPI and images acquired using the BD Pathway 855 High Content Bioimager (BD Biosciences) as described [24] . …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Intraocular tracer injection:

Rats were anesthetized with a ketamine hydrochloride (80 mg/kg) and xylazin (20 mg/kg) intramuscular injection. Then, 18 µL of cholera toxin subunit b neural tracer (1 mg/mL; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in a solution containing 10 % dimethylsulfoxide was injected into the vitreous chamber of one eye with a glass micropipette attached to a 10µL Hamilton syringe. After a 5-day post-surgery period, animals were submitted to the following procedures.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… A small cut was made in the dorsal sclera, through which 20 µl of 0.8% CTb in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.876% NaCl) with 2% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected into the eye’s vitreous …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… A flat skull approach was used to microinject the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, 1% in 200 nl saline; List Biological, Campbell, CA) unilaterally into the RVLM. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Antibodies and Ligands:

…Cholera toxin B-subunit was from List Labs. …

Results – Statins alter intracellular cholesterol and GCS distribution:

In addition, 3-PEHPC mimicked rosuvastatin to disperse the elevated TGN cholesterol pool and prevent the Golgi/ER targeting of internalized Verotoxin or Cholera toxin B-subunits (Figure 7A). In control cells, VT-B and CT-B were rapidly internalized to the Golgi. Though some double-stained cells were evident, most cells bound either VT-B or CT-B, consistent with previously reported cell-cycle-dependent receptor Gb₃ and GM1 expression (Majoul et al. 2002). In double-labeled ACHN cells, VT-B and CT-B are co-localized. In statin or 3-PEHPC-treated cells however, the distinct TGN cholesterol pool is diminished and VT-B/CT-B are detected more diffusely throughout the cell (Figure 7A). These changes were not observed in cells treated with FTI-277 or GGTI-2133. Multiple Rab GTPases have been implicated in this GSL-mediated transport route…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

OT Induction in a Mouse Model of Orally Induced CMA:

Upon arrival, mice were fed the control or the FF/Bb diet ad libitum for a period of 9 days. During the OT phase, they received daily oral gavages with 0.5 mL PBS, PepMix (total 0.16 mg peptides/0.5 mL PBS; 0.04 mg of each BLG-derived peptide) or whole whey protein as a positive control for maximum OT induction (50 mg/0.5 mL PBS; DMV International, Veghel, The Netherlands) for a period of 6 days. In the first study (Figure 1), following the OT phase, all mice were fed the control diet and orally sensitized for five consecutive weeks with 10 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., CA, USA) as an adjuvant with or without 0.5 mL homogenized whey (40 mg whey/mL PBS). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae