Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Anatomical tracers studies

Surgeries.

… For tracer injections, glass capillaries of 10 –25 m external tip diameter were backfilled with either a 1% solution of cholera toxin subunit B
(CTb; #104, List Biological Laboratories), dissolved in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer, a 2% solution of FluoroGold (FG; Fluorochrome),
dissolved in 0.9% saline, or a 5% solution of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), 10,000 MW (#D1956, Invitrogen), dissolved in 0.1 M sodium
phosphate buffer. Discrete CTb and FG tracer deposits were made by iontophoresis (7 s on/off for 3–12 min; 1–5 A) in the PaMP region (0.7
mm posterior from bregma, 0.1 mm lateral from the center of the longitudinal sinus, and 7.2 mm ventral from the dura) or the RPa region (2.0
mm posterior from the interaural line, centered at the interaural line, and 8.8 mm ventral from the dura) as described in Table 1. In additional
animals, a deposit of the anterograde tracer BDA was made in the rPH (2.1 mm posterior from bregma, 0.2 mm lateral from the center of the
longitudinal sinus, and 7.4 mm ventral from the dura) to verify the results obtained with the retrograde tracers CTb and FG. Animals were
allowed to recover for 2–3 weeks before euthanasia. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Dosage of anti-IL-6 and anti-Tetanus toxoid antibodies by ELISA:

Blood samples were taken from the monkeys in pre-dose (day -8), before the first immunization and then every two weeks until the end of the study (total of 9 samples). The IgG response against human IL-6 and Tetanus toxoid (TTx) was measured by ELISA as previously described¹⁷. Briefly, 50ng of human IL-6 (R&D Systems, Lille, France) or 50ng of TTx (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, USA) were adsorbed on microtitration plates…

• Product #191A – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

EAE:

All mice also received 100 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) intraperitoneally on days 0 and 2. Mice were assigned clinical scores for EAE according to the following scale: …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Additionally, selected mice in groups C and D were challenged three times weekly with 10 ng of SEB (List Biological laboratories, INC, CA, USA) diluted in PBS from the 5th week to the 12th week. …

Active and passive EAE:

Active EAE was induced as described previously (29). Briey, mice were immunized… On days 0 and 2, mice were injected i.p. with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Sections at 40 m thickness were in- cubated with anti-CTB monoclonal antibody (1 : 5000, List Biological Laboratory) for 4 12 h at room temperature,…

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

EAU Induction:

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced as previously described. Briefly, mice were immunized subcutaneously with 200-300µg of IRBP₁₂₀ (AnaSpec, Belgium) emulsified in CFA (BD Difco, Germany) and were administered 200ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) intraperitoneally at the time of immunization and 48h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Muscle afferents tracing:

Cholera toxin B subunit (1% CTB, 10 µl; List Biologicals) was injected bilaterally into the ECR using a Hamilton syringe. CTB injection was performed 7 d before the animals were euthanized.

Tissue preparation and staining:

Primary antibodies used in immunofluorescence staining include the following: goat anti-CTB (1:1000; List Biologicals),…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Mice were sensitized at five weeks of age with 1 mg of CPE plus 20 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) given by oral gavage once per week for four weeks. Challenge occurred 2 weeks later with …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Reagents:

… The B fragment of the cholera toxin (CTb) and goat-anti-CTb were from List Biological Laboratories. …

Intraocular injections: 

Syrian golden hamsters (Charles River Laboratories) are born with a premature visual nervous system (Clancy et al., 2001). These mammals were used for studies investigating the implication of GPR55 ligands during retinal ganglion cell projection growth during development in vivo. Twenty-four hours following birth, at P1, anesthetized hamsters received a unilateral intraocular injection of 2 l solution of CTb, with either 0.9% saline solution, 1 mm of LPI or 300 m of CBD. … For eye-specific segregation studies in the dLGN, gpr55-/- and gpr55+/+ adult mice received an intraocular injection of CTb conjugated to AlexaFluor 555 into the left eye and CTb coupled to AlexaFluor 488 into the right eye (2 l; 0.5% in sterile saline). …

The effects of the intraocular injection of GPR55 agonist and antagonist were visualized by immunohistochemistry according to a protocol previously described in (Argaw et al., 2008). Briefly, 40 m thick coronal sections of tissue were incubated in 90% methanol and 0.3% H2O2 in 0.1 m PBS, pH 7.4, for 20 min. They were then rinsed and incubated in 0.1 m glycine/PBS for 30 min, followed by an overnight incubation (4C) in PBS containing 4% NDS, 2.5% BSA, and 1% Triton X-100. The sections were subsequently rinsed and immersed for 48 h at room temperature in a solution containing goat anti-CTb diluted 1:4,000 in PBS with 2% NDS, 2.5% BSA, and 2% Triton X-100.

• Product #103B – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)