Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

2.2. Bacterial CW Preparation and Anthrax Toxin:

An avirulent B. anthracis strain SNKE-FF-E308D was used for CW preparation. After growth, the CW was prepared according to Medvedevs protocol [17]. The amount of CW ranged between 30 and 35% of the dry weight. The CW preparations were checked for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, endotoxin, and LPS contamination. Bacterial contamination was checked using various growth media. The endotoxin and LPS were tested using a Limulus amoebocyte lysate test kit (E-TOXATE, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). No endotoxin and LPS were found in the preparations. PA, LF, and EF were purchased from List Biologicals Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). The activity of LeTx was determined by its cytolytic effect on murine macrophage cells RAW264.7. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A(Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

… For mAb production and immunofluorescence analysis, pXO1 or pXO2 of B. anthracis H9401 was cured as described by Green et al. [21]. 2.2. Reagents. PA purified as described [22] was obtained from Green Cross Co. (Korea). LF was obtained from List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

Assessment of serum anti-PA IgG and TNA antibody titers

Serum anti-PA IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described previously,²⁰ Chichester JA, Musiychuk K, de la Rosa P, Horsey A, Stevenson N, Ugulava N, et al. Immunogenicity of a subunit vaccine against Bacillus anthracis. Vaccine 2007; 25:3111 – 4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.068; PMID: 17280756 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ], [Google Scholar] and data was expressed as the geometric mean titer (GMT) standard error (SE) per group. Briefly, serum samples were titrated on plates coated with commercially available PA (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Animals and vaccinations:

… For rabbit experiments, female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (Covance Research Products, Denver, PA) were immunized on day 0 with 250 g of the Rec-LND or with control PA83 (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) in an emulsion with CFA and were then boosted 4 times at 2-week intervals with 125 g of the Rec-LND or PA83 in an emulsion with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Toxin neutralization assay:

J774A.1 murine macrophages were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Glutamax (Gibco). …Purified recombinant lethal toxin (LT), i.e., PA and lethal factor (LF), were purchased from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). LT was reconstituted from equimolar amounts of PA and LF. Pooled serum from either mock-immunized (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) or anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA)-immunized mice was incubated with 0.1 g of LT for 20 min at room temperature. LT or LT-serum mix was transferred to J774A.1 cells. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169L (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Antigens/adjuvants:

All reagents were purchased from the following vendors: rPA, recombinant lethal factor (rLF) and CT (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA); …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169L (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which Cholera toxin was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae and Product #101 – Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae.

…Briefly, confluent J774A.1 cells of 7 10 4 cells/well were plated in sterile clear bottom black 96-well plates (Costar; Corning, Tewksbury, MA) at 37C in 5% CO 2 . A solution containing 100 ng/mL LF (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169L (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

… To assess the potential of DNI and DNI conjugate as a vaccine against B. anthracis, we investigated whether the vaccinations protect against an injection of LeTx. Three weeks after the last vaccination, each mouse was injected into the tail vein by a mixture of 48 g pa and 20 g LF (list biologicals, Campbell, CA). …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

rPA Delivery in Rats:

Recombinant protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis (rPA) was obtained from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). The MSA containing rPA was fabricated using a casting and drying fabrication method. …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Anti-PA and anti-LF IgG and IgA antibody titers:

Anti-PA and anti-LF immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in mouse serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified PA or LF protein (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) as the capture antigen. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis