Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Animals and Drug Treatments:

Diphtheria toxin (DT; List Biological Laboratories) was administered intraperitoneally at 15 ng/g, on 2 consecutive days.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

To examine the time-course of axonal renervation, a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB, 5 µg/mouse, List Biol Lab) was injected into the tongue under deep anesthesia three days before fixation. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Immunohistochemistry:

… Finally, sections were incubated in 3,3 -diaminobenzidine (DAB, Sigma) and nickel ammonium sulfate, producing a purple-black reaction product in the nucleus. Subsequently, CTb was visualized by incubating the same tissue sections in goat anti-CTb (1:20,000, List Biological Laboratories) overnight, and …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Simultaneously with rMOG as well as 48 h later, each mouse received intraperitoneally 200 µL Pertussis Toxin (PTX) (1 µg/mL in PBS) (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Antibodies and Reagents:

… Clostridium difficile toxin B was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Rho Family GTPases Are Required for Efficient Transport of Influenza A Virus NA to Cell Surface:

… Next, we used this established system to investigate the contribution of Rho GTPases to influenza virus NA transport to the cell surface. Rho-GTPase activity was acutely inhibited in cells treated with C. difficile toxin B, as toxin B glucosylates all members of the Rho family and inhibits their effector interactions (30, 40,,42). …
To further confirm these observations, we used an independent approach to test the effects of toxin B on NA transport to the plasma membranes. …

• Product #155A – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Induction of EAE in Mice by Immunization with MOG and Adjuvant and Treatment with HspB5:

… EAE was induced in female C57BL/6J mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA) at 9 weeks of age by subcutaneous immunization in the flank with an emulsion containing 200 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein3555 (MOG3555; MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) in saline and an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 4 mg/ml of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI). All mice were administered 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) intraperitoneally at 0 and 48 h after immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

In vivo intoxication experiments:

Lyophilized recombinant PA, LF, and mutant LF (E687C) were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA) and reconstituted in sterile water (stock concentration: 1 mg/mL in 5 mM HEPES, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5). Anthrax LT was administered with a fixed ratio of PA/LF of 2.51 by weight (molar ratio: 2.71). Unless otherwise indicated, mice were injected intravenously with 200 g PA/80 g LF (C57BL/6J) or 100 g PA/40 g LF (BALB/c), administered in a total volume of 0.3 mL of PBS. As a negative control, selected mice received the same volume of PBS alone. …

Some experiments involved the concomitant administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics with anthrax LT. Both antibiotics were administered subcutaneously beginning the day of LT treatment (amoxicillin: 100 mg/kg every 8 hours, and gentamicin 16 mg/kg one time per day, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Antibiotic therapy was maintained until the animal succumbed to toxemia or until the termination of the experiment.

• Product #176 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant, Mutant E687C from B. anthracis

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Induction and suppression of EAE:

Disease Stimulation

Female inbred SJL/J mice, 57 weeks old, were randomly divided into different groups. All mice were immunized with PLP₁₃₉₁₅₁ in Freunds complete adjuvant (CFA) to induce EAE, as reported previously.^{3, 4} The PLP/CFA emulsion (50 µL per site) was administered to four separate regions above the shoulder and on the flanks. In addition, 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) was injected intraperitoneally on day 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction:

Five- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 J mice were immunized with an emulsion containing 300 µg of MOG_35-55 … On the day of inoculation and 48 hours later, 100 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc. Cambell, CA, USA) in 0.1 mL saline was also administered by intraperitoneal injection. Control groups were inoculated the same way but without MOG_35-55.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Active EAE:

To actively induce EAE, 68 week old female SJL/J mice (Janvier, France) were immunized subcutaneously with 250 µg PLP₁₃₉₁₅₁ purity >95% (Pepceuticals Ltd., UK) together with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, Difco). Bordetella pertussis toxin (250 ng; List Biological Laboratories, US) was administered intraperitoneally at days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)