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Vaccine Carrier Proteins & Adjuvants | Blog
June 23, 2023
By: List Labs
Reasons to choose List Labs as your Microbiome CDMO: We support a very diverse offering in Bacterial Manufacturing. We are a passionate and transparent CDMO. We are flexible and cohesive enough to be an extension of our customer's team. We offer end-to-end solutions for our customers. Learn more about List Labs' 45 years of experience [...]
November 10, 2022
By: List Labs
This interview between Jessica Thompson from Kisaco Research and Stacy Burns-Guydish, PhD, President of List Labs, talks about the growth of the Microbiome field for Microbiome CDMOs and digs deep into the Live Biotherapeutics side of this burgeoning industry. To get further insight into the future of the Microbiome field, check out the video below: […]
September 19, 2022
By: List Labs
List Labs is an experienced contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) harnessing bacteria’s potential for a healthier world. We offer a refreshingly flexible approach to clients seeking a CDMO for Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBP) derived from beneficial bacteria. Partner with List Labs as your CDMO and experience our uniquely collaborative and transparent culture. With over […]
April 14, 2022
By: List Labs
Anthrax toxin can enter living cells and the toxin enzymes, Lethal Factor (LF), and Edema Factor (EF) make known changes. Because of this activity, anthrax toxins are valuable tools to investigate cell processes. Some of the work currently accomplished with these toxins can be described by the following selected references: Work with anthrax toxins is […]
November 12, 2021
By: List Labs
List Labs GMP LPS Infographic List Labs is proud to provide the world with our GMP LPS, and in this blog post and infographic, we want to share how it is being used. You can see our full list of GMP LPS citations here.
August 30, 2021
By: douano@listlabs.com
List Labs currently has a GMP compliant version of HPT™ Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O113 in stock. What this means for you: You don’t need to buy an entire batch of lipopolysaccharide or wait months for production and release – Saves you valuable time Paying for as few as 50 vials of a proven product and purchasing […]
August 18, 2021
By: List Labs
I’d like to tell you about some of the obstacles you may encounter as you develop your live biotherapeutic product (LBP) and how List Labs can help you navigate through them. Harnessing bacteria’s potential for a healthier world is our company mission. Our history and experience have been devoted to bacteria – what bacteria can produce […]
March 19, 2021
By: List Labs
Botulinum Toxin Infographic Diphtheria Toxin Infographic Pertussis Toxin Infographic
December 2, 2020
By: List Labs
On May 14, 2020, a team spanning the University of California San Diego, San Francisco General Hospital, Cook County Health and Hospitals System in Chicago, and Washington University in St. Louis published a milestone study in the New England Journal of Medicine. Cohen et al demonstrated the effectiveness of LACTIN-V, a new Live Biotherapeutic Product […]
October 21, 2020
By: List Labs
The purity of your recombinant proteins is critical to the success of your research. A number of contaminants can affect both in vitro and in vivo systems. Some of the results are predictable, but others are not. All can affect your experimental data. This article will focus on one of the most common contaminants: endotoxins […]
September 15, 2020
By: List Labs
The List Labs Citation Database is a robust tool for researchers. It offers thousands of papers showing how List Labs products are used experimentally. Researchers can search keywords specific to their fields of study and learn how others in that field have used our toxins and antigens. In this article, we will explore experimental applications […]
August 7, 2020
By: List Labs
What is Coronavirus (COVID-19)? Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a virus (SARS-CoV-2) that can trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection, and is transmitted from person-to-person. What are the Symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19)? Coronavirus (COVID-19) symptoms can range from mild to severe. Though, elderly people and people with underlying health conditions […]
August 7, 2020
By: List Labs
Recent Research: Experimental Applications of Pertussis Toxin and Cholera Toxin The List Labs Citation Database is a robust tool for researchers. It offers thousands of papers showing how List Labs products are used experimentally. Researchers can search for keywords specific to their fields of study and learn how others in that field have used our […]
August 7, 2020
By: List Labs
List Labs has been making botulinum toxins for research for 30 years. In that time, we’ve made reagent and GMP products for researchers and pharma companies. Our products are of the highest quality and purity; they are produced in consistent processes, tested and stabilized by freeze-drying. Proteins that need to be activated by proteolytic cleavage […]
October 17, 2019
By: List Labs
List Labs currently has over 3300 citations with more being added every month! Within our citations page, we provide the ability to search and sort from over 100 cataloged items that are offered here. We are honored to supply researchers worldwide with highly purified bacterial toxins that can potentially be instrumental in helping to change […]
April 24, 2019
By: List Labs
By: Hans Bigalke Tetanus toxin (TeNT) and botulinum toxin (BoNT) appear quite different at first glance, however, when we take a closer look at how these toxins function, they are more similar than suggested by the diseases they cause. Symptoms of Tetanus vs. Symptoms of Botulism While tetanus causes a body to take a rigid, […]
January 28, 2019
By: List Labs
List Labs offers citations on our website for easy use by researchers. At present we have over 3,000 citations from publications around the world, with emphasis on the last 5 years. We provide information on how to purchase the referenced products and the ability to sort from among the over 100 catalog items we offer […]
December 10, 2018
By: List Labs
A fast, sensitive, specific and accurate detection method to determine active infection Dr. Nancy Shine (408) 874-1305 NShine@ListLabs.com [Campbell, CA, 11/29/2018] • Method to detect Anthrax before it’s deadly • Anthrax is a problem for livestock • Test method is both specific and sensitive for Anthrax • List Labs is looking to partner on this […]
October 2, 2018
By: List Labs
List Labs scours the internet monthly, looking for citations referencing our products. We are highly intrigued by, and love to investigate the different ways researchers use our products. Scientists world-wide have used our toxins for research and have produced interesting results. List Labs History of working with Botulinum Neurotoxin List Labs has developed sensitive assays […]
September 19, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: T.J. Smith The answer as to whether the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing bacteria comprised six separate species required a complete revolution in microbial classification. Up to the turn of the last century, bacterial differentiations were based on morphological characteristic and biochemical activities, known collectively as phenotypic characteristics. However, the discovery of DNA as the ultimate […]
July 23, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS In this blog we will unravel the terminology describing bacterial toxins. In general, there are at least three ways that bacterial toxins are described in the literature: by their biological designation—the genus and/or species from which they come by the origin of the toxin, either as innate to the […]
July 16, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: T.J. Smith Origins of Botulinum Toxin Types – relationships between toxins and the bacteria that produce them Soon after the discovery that botulism was caused by a toxin, multiple toxin types were identified. Initial characterizations were based mainly on serological differences, however other anomalies were noted, such as differences in toxicity, sensitivity or resistance […]
June 22, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager Microbiome research is uncovering the enormous potential for developing drugs, such a live biotherapeutic products, from the microbiome. This burgeoning field is the future of medicine. List Labs is excited and proud to support microbiome research by providing reagents to scientists studying the human microbiome. Below is a list of microbiome […]
May 29, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: T.J. Smith Early Discoveries in Botulism and Botulinum Toxin Following a botulism outbreak due to contaminated ham that severely sickened 10 and resulted in the death of three people in Ellezelles, Belgium, a review and case study on botulism was published by a researcher named Emile Van Ermengem (Van Ermengem 1897). While Van Ermengem […]
May 18, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager 1978 was a great year for scientific advancement – NASA hired the first women astronauts, the first test tube baby was born and List Labs was founded. Linda Shoer, our founder, saw an opportunity when she realized there was a need for a commercial supplier of Cholera Toxin for studies […]
April 9, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Stacy Burns-Guydish, Ph.D., Senior Director, Production The terms “Microbiome” and “live biotherapeutics” have been repeated frequently in the last few years in scientific circles. Researchers are understanding more and more about the various microbiomes in the human body and how they affect our overall health. From this research, microorganisms have been identified that may […]
March 27, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager List Labs is proud to be exhibiting at the 4th Annual Translational Microbiome Conference April 18-20 at the Boston Marriott Long Wharf. List Labs has extensive experience with microbiome and more specifically live biotherapeutic projects including vaginal, gut, skin and the central nervous system indication and tumor treatment – many of […]
March 19, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS List Biological Laboratories’ (List Labs) catalog of products is related to furthering research in human health and preventing disease, most commonly as the starting materials for vaccine research & development or production around the world. Vaccines are mainly identified for their capacity to prevent diseases that the body’s innate defensive […]
February 20, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Nancy Shine, PhD, Director of R&D, List Labs A fast, sensitive, specific and accurate detection method to determine active infection by Bacillus anthracis in plasma has been developed at List Biological Laboratories. Bacillus anthracis is regarded as a major biological warfare threat. The inhalation form of Bacillus anthracis infection can kill quickly. While antibiotic […]
January 23, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager List Labs is proud to be exhibiting at ASM Biothreats February 12-14th. The conference will be held in Baltimore, Maryland at the Hilton Hotel. Thought leaders in academia, industry and government will gather to present and discuss the latest developments in the emerging field of biothreats. This year’s conference has […]
January 8, 2018
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager The List Labs website hosts a library of scientific article abstracts related to the research performed using our products called the Citations Page. Visitors can search this library to learn how others have used List Labs’ reagents in their research. This valuable resource is updated monthly with new articles from a wide variety […]
December 11, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Rachel Berlin, Marketing Manager List Labs provides expert GMP contract manufacturing services to aid you in developing product for your clinical trial. The List Labs difference is that we manufacture reagent grade biological toxins regularly for resale, which means that not only do we have current, state-of-the art facilities and equipment, but we also […]
October 4, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Shawn Lyles, Marketing Manager List Labs will be attending the 54th annual Interagency Botulism Research Coordinating Committee (IBRCC) this year from October 27-30th. The conference will be held in Ellicott City, MA at the Turf Valley Resort and Conference Center. This international forum presents state-of-the-art research on botulinum toxin and the deadly disease of […]
September 11, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
Over 20 Scientific Posters Available on our website Scientific posters are a great way to visually display complex scientific issues. List Labs has a large list of scientific posters published on our website under the specific products they pertain to. We have been getting a lot of requests lately to compile a list of all […]
August 29, 2017
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
The origin of businesses is often an interesting story. List Biological Laboratories is no exception. The company was founded in 1978 by Linda Shoer. Linda was an entrepreneurial scientist in Silicon Valley, who’d been relocated with her husband from Boston. She had an idea for a company and leveraged an initial order into a loan […]
August 7, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS What is Lyophilization? Protecting the activity of enzyme products and the viability of bacterial cultures that are used in scientific experimentation is an area where List Biological Laboratories is a leader. Lyophilization has been the most extensively used technique for maintaining the integrity of biopharmaceuticals. Lyophilization (otherwise known […]
July 17, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS Tetanus Toxin’s Use as a Protein Carrier and Antigen Tetanus toxin (TT) is the major virulence factor of the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection with this bacterium in unvaccinated persons produces muscle spasms by binding to nerve endings and moving throughout the nervous system in a specific way. Eventually, […]
June 5, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS Cholera Toxin has Two Faces In 2010, Sanchez et al published an article with the puzzling title “Cholera toxin—A foe & a friend. ” The cholera toxin, a complex of two units produced by the pathogen Vibrio cholerae clearly plays the “foe” role [1]. The World Health Organization […]
March 27, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS Cross-Reacting Materials: The Motor Behind Conjugate Vaccines Vaccines in history The history and practice of vaccination as protection against viral infection is often thought to begin with Edward Jenner’s discovery that cowpox, a viral infection of cows, prevented smallpox in humans. However, it had long been suspected that survivors […]
March 6, 2017
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Md. Elias, Ph.D, Senior Scientist What are Endotoxins? Endotoxins (aka lipopolysaccharide, LPS or lipoglycan) are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria consisting of a lipid moiety and a polysaccharide moiety, the latter is composed of an inner core, outer core and O-antigen joined by covalent bonds1. In animals the lipid part of […]
February 14, 2017
By: List Labs
By: Mary N. Wessling, Ph.D. ELS List Biological Laboratories, Inc.’s products are being used to confront one of the most pressing problems in health care today: stopping the worldwide spread of illness caused by Clostridium difficile (CD, C Difficile Toxin), a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus. The spores are highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions and are […]
December 12, 2016
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Diphtheria toxin is an important tool used for selective killing (ablation) of cells for research purposes. Using this technique, dubbed “toxin receptor–mediated cell knockout” when it was first used [1], researchers can selectively remove a specific type of cell in a live mouse without having to generate transgenic “knockout” animals, which […]
November 4, 2016
By: List Labs
By: M. Wessling A recently published study by Wen et al [1] provides an encouraging look at a possible therapy for the chronic neuro-inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). What is even more interesting is that this experimental autoimmune encephalitis myelitis (EAE) study, which used the List Labs Product #180 Pertussis Toxin in mice to induce autoimmune […]
August 15, 2016
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Md. Elias, Ph.D, Senior Scientist List Labs is one of the leading manufacturers of high quality adjuvants from bacterial sources. Our highly purified adjuvants for research and development are Tetanus Toxoid (Product #191), Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Product #104), Diphtheria Toxin CRM197 Mutant (Product #149), Adenylate Cyclase Mutant, Cya-AC– (Product #198L), Pertusis Toxin Mutant (Product #184), […]
July 12, 2016
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Nancy Shine, Ph.D., Director of Research & Development List Biological Laboratories, Inc. has designed a fluorescently labeled substrate for specific and quantitative detection of anthrax lethal factor in plasma. Bacillus anthracis is regarded as a major biological warfare threat. The inhalation form of Bacillus anthracis infection can kill quickly. While antibiotic treatment can clear […]
June 7, 2016
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Dom C. Ouano, Marketing Coordinator Since List Labs introduced products in the Tetanus Toxin family more than 25 years ago, interest and knowledge in this field has multiplied. Tetanus Toxin C fragment, the non-toxic C-terminal domain of the heavy chain, is retrogradely transported to the central nervous system and is useful as a neuronal […]
April 25, 2016
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Karen Crawford, Ph.D., President In 1983, List Labs introduced Diphtheria Toxin to the research community. Researchers have purchased Diphtheria Toxin for various uses. One common use is cell ablation. The receptor for Diphtheria Toxin is also called heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). This receptor, located on several cell types, binds Diphtheria Toxin, allowing the toxin to enter […]
January 11, 2016
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Md. Elias Ph.D, Senior Scientist Epsilon Toxin Linked to Multiple Sclerosis List Labs recently added Product #126A, pure Native C. perfringens Epsilon Toxin to its product line. Although Epsilon Toxin related pathology and disease are common in farm animals and rare in humans, recent studies suggest potential involvement of this toxin with Human Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory […]
October 19, 2015
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Dom C. Ouano, Marketing Associate Since 1978, List Labs has developed over 100 toxins and reagents for research. Our facility has BSL2 and BSL3 laboratories appropriate for the production of a wide variety of toxins, making safety and security top priorities. Therefore, we have processes in place that we must follow to comply with regulations. […]
August 10, 2015
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Dom C. Ouano, Marketing Associate Debby Renshaw, Shipping Manager Kim Krause, Laboratory Support Supervisor Below is a list of recommended steps on handling List Labs products upon receiving them. It should be noted that these are simply our own suggestions. If your institution has a standard protocol in place, we ask that you follow said standard […]
June 22, 2015
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Karen Crawford, Ph.D., President Eva Purro, Director of Quality Assurance Dom C. Ouano, Marketing While most of List Labs’ products are intended as research reagents (Research Grade), several can be produced as GMP products for use in humans. Below are key differences between the two. Research Only VS Preclinical/Clinical/Human Use Reagent grade products for […]
April 6, 2015
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing Concerns over outbreaks of potentially serious childhood diseases are in the news again in California with an increase in whooping cough infections in 2014, caused by the pathogen Bordetella pertussis, and a measles outbreak in December 2014 to February 2015. Since outbreaks and epidemics may be infrequent, many […]
March 16, 2015
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing While you go about your day, you are surrounded by micro-organisms. Although most of us spend a lot of time washing up and trying not to think about the propensity of creatures that share our personal space, scientists have been studying them. Due to their great progress, we […]
March 9, 2015
By: douano@listlabs.com
Original Post By: Linda Eaton, Ph.D., VP of Research and Development Eva Purro, Director of Quality Assurance Updates by: Dom C. Ouano, Marketing 4-13-15 Cholera QD Product #9100B is now available for purchase online. Vial Size: 1 mg List Price: $550/vial Minimum order: 5 vials 4-8-15 Cholera QD Product #9100B is now available from stock. Vial Size: […]
January 26, 2015
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing An exciting report was released in October about a new class of targeted anti-tumor drugs, in which genetically engineered stem cells were used to deliver cytotoxins to brain tumors.1 Brain cancers known as glioblastomas (GBM) are notoriously difficult to treat because the tumors often re-grow after surgery and because […]
January 5, 2015
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing Three anthrax toxin components—Protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) are available for research purposes from LIST Biological Laboratories, separately at a high level of purification. At least two out of three of these components are necessary to enter a mammalian cell and exert […]
December 15, 2014
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Karen Crawford, Ph.D. President, List Biological Laboratories, Inc. Many bacterial products are potent immune system activators, helping our bodies identify and defend against microbial invasions. The innate immune system or non-specific immune system is found in animals as well as in plants, fungi and insects and is employed when pathogens break through the […]
December 8, 2014
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing An ongoing barrage of information and mis-information has been dispersed through various media about the dangers of toxins in our environment. Although everyone agrees that you certainly should avoid ingesting, inhaling, or absorbing toxins into your body; your body has natural ways of removing toxins. Some new […]
October 21, 2014
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing Vaccines have been used to help control diseases for more than 200 years and are the common practice for children and adults. Childhood vaccination has substantially reduced the morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in much of the developed world, and influenza vaccinations have reduced the impact […]
July 17, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
Volume Discounts on Toxins and Reagents List Laboratories has been in business since 1978. We’ve been providing our customers with quality toxins and custom manufacturing services for decades. We want to make it easier for everyone within your company to purchase and receive the best value for those purchases. We have recently begun a […]
June 17, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
What is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and How Does it Function? Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent stimulator of the vertebrate innate immune system. This innate immune system, mediated by macrophages and dendritic cells, generates a rapid response to infectious agents. Structural patterns common to diverse LPS molecules are […]
May 14, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
What is Clostridium Difficile? Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It produces two major exotoxins, Toxin A and Toxin B; however, about 10% of strains isolated from patients with colitis also contain genes, coding for a unique ADP-ribosylating toxin, CDT Binary Toxin. Additionally, Clostridium difficile produces and secretes a glutamate […]
April 28, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
What Are Toxin Neutralization Assays & How Do They Work? For clinical detection or vaccine testing, it is hard to beat a toxin neutralization assay. Toxin neutralization assays (TNA) assess the ability of antibodies to protect cells in culture from the cytotoxic affect of the specific toxins. Interestingly, these assays may be used for sensitive […]
April 21, 2014
By: List Labs
By: Suzanne Canada, Ph.D. Tanager Medical Writing Pertussis Infections (aka Whooping Cough) Increasing Rates of pertussis infection, commonly referred to as whooping cough, are on the upswing. Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms including a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, mild fever and the distinctive, hack-like cough. Prior to the […]
April 14, 2014
By: douano@listlabs.com
By: Karen Crawford, Ph.D. President, List Biological Laboratories, Inc. You hear about Clostridium difficile at your doctor’s office and in news articles, but what does it mean and how does it affect the world around us? C. Difficile Statisitcs C. Difficile Mortality Rates: Complications from C. difficile infection (CDI) have become an increasing patient safety concern […]
April 7, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (List) actively supports and participates in the BabyBIG® project. What is BabyBIG® ? BabyBIG® (Human Botulism Immune Globulin; BIG-IV) is a public service, not-for-profit orphan drug manufactured and distributed by the California Department of Public Health.It is the only therapy available for infants who are infected with the organism that causes […]
March 18, 2014
By: dpinkston@listlabs.com
Shiga Toxins May be Purchased without Government Approval The CDC has removed Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) from the list of materials requiring oversight. As a result, Shiga Toxins are no longer classified as select agents and may be purchased without government approval for your research and investigative needs. While Shiga toxins carry fewer restrictions, […]
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