Citations

Generation of MDDC:

… On day 6, MDDC were retrieved, washed and pulsed with CT (1 µg/ml) (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) or mockpulsed in 1ml of medium for 2h at 37°C. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… Cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml ultrapure LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (List Biological Laboratories) in the presence or absence of 100 nM CGRP or CGRP 8-37 CGRP (Bachem) for the indicated time periods. …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

… Purified LPS was purchased from List Biologicals (San Jose, CA, USA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Toxicity assays in vitro:

For toxicity studies, indicated amounts of ssRNA40 complexed with LyoVec, imiquimod, loxoribine (all from InvivoGen, San Diego, CA), LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA),and other reagents were added to cell cultures for indicated durations. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Reagents:

The reagents used in this study were Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4 LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campell, CA …

Cell Culture:

Bone marrowderived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured in macrophage medium (RPMI 1640, 10% FBS, 30% L929 cell supernatant, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 IU/mL penicillin, and 100 g/ml streptomycin) as described (20). After being cultured in macrophage medium for 6 days, BMDMs were isolated, counted, and cultured in macrophage media for 24 hours and then stimulated with LPS (10 or 100 ng/ml), IL-4/IL-13 (10 ng/ml), IL-10 (10 ng/ml), or RPMI 1640 for up to 48 hours. Alveolar macrophages isolated with repeated BAL using PBS were cultured for 24 hours in macrophage media and then stimulated with LPS for 4 hours. BEAS-2B cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% BSA, penicillin, and streptomycin for 5 to 6 days until they reached 90% confluence. The culture medium was then replaced, and low-molecular-weight heparin, syndecan-4, or RPMI 1640 was added for 1 hour. Cells were washed with PBS and incubated with LPS (1,000 ng/ml), TNF- (1 ng/ml), or RPMI 1640 without heparin or syndecan-4 for 3 hours. Mouse tracheal airliquid interface cultures were performed as described and stimulated with LPS or RPMI 1640 for 4 and 24 hours (33). Supernatants were removed and RNA was harvested.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

… PTX was purchased from List Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Disease Induction and Assessment of EAE:

EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME), aged 7 to 8 weeks, by injecting subcutaneously 50 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)₃₅₅₅ in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) supplemented with 4 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis on day 0.^32,33 Intraperitoneal pertussis toxin (300 ng/200 µL; List Biological Laboratories, Hornby, ON, Canada) was administered on days 0 and 2. Laquinimod (25 mg/kg body weight) was given every day by oral gavage in 100 µL of saline, whereas 100 µL of saline was used as the vehicle control. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of EAE:

EAE was induced in 6-wk-old male mice by s.c. injection with 100 mg myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)3555 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; United Peptide, Rockville, MD) emulsied in 100 ml CFA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) containing 2 mg/ml heatkilled Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Difco, Detroit, MI). Mice were also injected i.p. with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) on day 0 and day 2. Clinical signs of EAE were recorded daily using a 04 scoring system: 0, normal; 1, limp tail; 2, unsteady gait; 3, hind-limb paralysis; 4, fore-limb paralysis.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experiment 1: identification of refeeding-activated neurons in the PVN that project to the dorsal vagal complex

Rats were anesthetized ip with ketamine/xylazine (ketamine 50 mg/kg, xylazine 10 mg/kg body weight) and their heads positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus with bregma and lambda in the horizontal plane. Through a burr hole in the skull, a glass micropipette (20 µm outer tip diameter) containing 0.5% solution of the retrograde tracer, cholera toxin- subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), was lowered into the brain at stereotaxic coordinates corresponding to the NTS based on the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (7): 5.0 mm posterior and 1.9 mm dorsal to the interaural line and 0.5 mm lateral to the midline. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Materials:

Recombinant LF and PA were from List Biological Laboratories. …

SDS-PAGE-Based Cleavage Assay:

LF (25 nM in assay buffer) was mixed with compound at the indicated concentration, and the reaction was initiated by adding unlabeled MKK6 to 1 M and stopped after 30 min at RT by adding 4 SDS-PAGE loading buffer. …

Cytotoxicity Assay:

RAW264.7 cells were plated in 96-well dishes at 4  10⁵ cells per well and were allowed to recover for 16 hr, after which the medium was removed and replaced with fresh complete medium (100 l per well) containing 400 M compound or 4% DMSO vehicle control. After 30 min, PA (0.5 g/ml) and/or LF (0.0010.3 g/ml) were added and incubation continued for an additional 4 hr.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis